Today, dry cleaning remains an essential service, providing a convenient and effective way to clean and maintain a wide range of garments and fabrics. The history of dry cleaning dates back centuries. Here is a brief overview:
Ancient Times
The concept of dry cleaning can be traced back to ancient times. In ancient Rome, for example, people used to clean their clothes by soaking them in water, then scrubbing them with clay or sand. Afterward, they would hang the garments to dry in the sun.
The Ancient Greeks
The Greeks also had techniques for cleaning garments using solvents. They would soak clothes in a mixture of water and lye, then beat and rinse them. This method, known as "fulling," helped remove dirt and stains.
17th Century
The modern concept of dry cleaning emerged in the 17th century in France. Jean-Baptiste Jolly, a French dye-works operator, accidentally discovered that a petroleum-derived solvent called "benzine" could successfully remove grease stains from garments. This led to the development of early dry cleaning methods.
19th Century
The first commercial dry cleaning business was established in the early 19th century by Monsieur Jolly-Bellin, who continued to refine the use of solvents for cleaning clothes. Around the same time, a Frenchman named Jean-Baptiste Godin developed a new solvent called "white spirit" or "spirits of turpentine," which became widely used in the dry cleaning industry.
Evolution of Machines
Dry cleaning technology continued to advance, leading to the invention of various machines and processes. In the early 20th century, the introduction of machines equipped with rotating drums and electric motors revolutionized the industry. These machines allowed clothes to be cleaned more effectively and efficiently.
Modern Dry Cleaning
In the 1930s, a solvent known as "perchloroethylene" or "perc" was introduced, and it quickly became the most common chemical used in dry cleaning. Perc proved to be highly effective at removing stains and dirt without damaging delicate fabrics.
Environmental Concerns
In recent years, there has been a growing concern about the environmental impact of traditional dry cleaning solvents. As a result, alternatives such as hydrocarbon-based solvents and wet cleaning methods using water and biodegradable detergents have gained popularity.
